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- <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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- <div>
- <h3 class="title"><a id="gimp-paths"></a>4.7. Paths</h3>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <a id="id3422811" class="indexterm"></a>
- <div class="informalfigure">
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/using/path-examples.png" />
- <div class="caption">
- <p>
- Four examples of GIMP paths: one closed and polygonal; one
- open and polygonal; one closed and curved; one with a mixture
- of straight and curved segments.
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>
- A <span class="emphasis"><em>path</em></span> is a one-dimensional curve. Paths are
- used for two main purposes:
- </p>
- <div class="itemizedlist">
- <ul type="disc">
- <li>
- <p>
- A closed path can be converted into a selection.
- </p>
- </li>
- <li>
- <p>
- An open or closed path can be <span class="emphasis"><em>stroked</em></span>,
- that is, painted on the image, in a variety of ways.
- </p>
- </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <p>
- Paths can be created and manipulated using the <a href="ch03s06.html#gimp-tool-path" title="6.1. Path Tool">Path tool</a>. Paths, like layers and
- channels, are components of an image. When an image is saved in
- GIMP's native XCF file format, any paths it has are saved along
- with it. The list of paths in an image can be viewed and operated
- on using the <a href="ch04s04.html" title="4. Path dialog">Paths
- dialog</a>. If you want to move a path from one image to
- another, you can do so by copying and pasting using the popup menu
- in the Paths dialog, or by dragging an icon from the Paths dialog
- into the destination image's window.
- </p>
- <div class="informalfigure">
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/using/path-with-anchors.png" />
- <div class="caption">
- <p>
- Appearance of a path while it is being manipulated using the
- Path tool. Black squares are anchor points, the open circle
- is the selected anchor, and the two open squares are its
- handles. Note that this path has two components.
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>
- GIMP paths belong to a mathematical type called "Bezier paths".
- What this means in practical terms is that they are defined by
- <span class="emphasis"><em>anchors</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>handles</em></span>.
- "Anchors" are points the path goes through. "Handles" define the
- direction of a path when it enters or leaves an anchor point:
- each anchor point has two handles attached to it.
- </p>
- <p>
- Paths can be very complex. If you create them by hand using the
- Path tool, unless you are obsessive they probably won't contain
- more than a few dozen anchor points (often many fewer); but if you
- create them by transforming a selection into a path, or by
- transforming text into a path, the result can easily contain
- hundreds of anchor points, or even thousands.
- </p>
- <p>
- A path may contain multiple <span class="emphasis"><em>components</em></span>. A
- "component" is a part of a path whose anchor points are all
- connected to each other by path segments. The ability to have
- multiple components in paths allows you to convert them into
- selections having multiple disconnected parts.
- </p>
- <p>
- Each component of a path can be either <span class="emphasis"><em>open</em></span>
- or <span class="emphasis"><em>closed</em></span>: "closed" means that the last
- anchor point is connected to the first anchor point. If you
- transform a path into a selection, any open components are
- automatically converted into closed components by connecting the
- last anchor point to the first anchor point with a straight line.
- </p>
- <p>
- Path segments can be either straight or curved. A path all of
- whose segments are straight is called "polygonal". When you
- create a path segment, it starts out straight, because the handles
- for the anchor points are intially placed directly on top of the
- anchor points, yielding handles of zero length, which produce
- straight-line segments. You can make a segment curved by dragging
- a handle away from one of the anchor points.
- </p>
- <p>
- One nice thing about paths is that they are very light in terms of
- resource consumption, especially in comparison with images.
- Representing a path in RAM only requires storing the
- coordinates of its anchors and handles: 1K of memory is enough to
- hold quite a complex path, but not enough to hold even a 20x20
- pixel RGB layer. Therefore, it is quite possible to have
- literally hundreds of paths in an image without putting any
- signficant stress of your system. (How much stress managing them
- would put on <span class="emphasis"><em>you</em></span> is, of course, another
- question.) Even a path with thousands of segments consumes
- minimal resources in comparison to a typical layer or channel.
- </p>
- <div class="simplesect" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h4 class="title"><a id="id3423030"></a>Paths and Selections</h4>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>
- GIMP lets you transform the selection for an image into a path;
- it also lets you transform paths into selections. For
- information about the selection and how it works, see the <a href="ch02s04s04.html" title="4.4. The Selection">Selection</a> section.
- </p>
- <p>
- When you transform a selection into a path, the path closely
- follows the "marching ants". Now, the selection is a
- two-dimensional entity, but a path is a one-dimensional entity,
- so there is no way to transform the selection into a path
- without losing information. In fact, any information about
- partially selected areas (i.e., feathering) will be lost when
- the selection is turned into a path. If the path is transformed
- back into a selection, the result is an all-or-none selection,
- similar to what would be obtained by executing "Sharpen" from
- the Select menu.
- </p>
- </div>
- <div class="simplesect" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h4 class="title"><a id="id3423068"></a>Stroking a Path</h4>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="informalfigure">
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/using/path-stroking-examples.png" />
- <div class="caption">
- <p>
- The four paths from the top illustration, each stroked in a
- different way.
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>
- Paths do not alter the appearance of the image pixel data unless
- they are <span class="emphasis"><em>stroked</em></span>, using
- <span class="guimenu">Edit</span>-><span class="guimenuitem">Stroke Path</span>
- from the image menu or the Paths dialog right-click menu, or the
- "Stroke Path" button in the Tool Options dialog for the Path
- tool.
- </p>
- <p>
- Choosing "Stroke Path" by any of these means brings up a dialog
- that allows you to control the way the stroking is done. You
- can choose from a wide variety of line styles, or you can stroke
- with any of the Paint tools, including unusual ones such as the
- Clone tool, Smudge tool, Eraser, etc.
- </p>
- <p>
- You can further increase the range of stroking effects by
- stroking a path multiple times, or by using lines or brushes of different
- widths. The possibilities for getting interesting effects in
- this way are almost unlimited.
- </p>
- </div>
- <div class="simplesect" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h4 class="title"><a id="id3423148"></a>Transforming Paths</h4>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>
- Each of the Transform tools (Rotate, Scale, Perspective, etc)
- can be set to act specifically on paths, using the "Affect:"
- option in the tool's Tool Options dialog. This gives you a
- powerful set of methods for altering the shapes of paths without
- affecting other elements of the image.
- </p>
- <p>
- By default a Transform tool, when it is set to affect paths,
- only acts on a single path: the <span class="emphasis"><em>active
- path</em></span> for the image, which is shown highlighted in the
- Paths dialog. You can make a transformation affect more than
- one path, and possibly other things as well, using the
- "transform lock" buttons in the Paths dialog. Not only paths,
- but also layers and channels, can be transform-locked. If you
- transform one element that is transform-locked, all others will
- be transformed in the same way. So, for example, if you want to
- scale a layer and a path by the same amount, click the
- transform-lock buttons so that "chain" symbols appear next to
- the layer in the Layers dialog, and the path in the Paths
- dialog; then use the Scale tool on either the layer or the path,
- and the other will automatically follow.
- </p>
- </div>
- <div class="simplesect" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h4 class="title"><a id="id3423188"></a>Paths and Text</h4>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="informalfigure">
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/using/path-from-text.png" />
- <div class="caption">
- <p>
- Text converted to a path and then transformed using the
- Perspective tool.
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="informalfigure">
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/using/path-text-stroked.png" />
- <div class="caption">
- <p>
- The path shown above, stroked with a fuzzy brush and then
- gradient-mapped using the Gradient Map filter with the
- "Yellow Contrast" gradient.
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>
- A text item created using the Text tool can be transformed into
- a path using the "Create path from text" button in the Tool
- Options for the Text tool. This can be useful for several
- purposes, including:
- </p>
- <div class="itemizedlist">
- <ul type="disc">
- <li>
- <p>
- Stroking the path, which gives you many possibilities for
- fancy text.
- </p>
- </li>
- <li>
- <p>
- More importantly, transforming the text. Converting text
- into a path, then transforming the path, and finally either
- stroking the path or converting it to a selection and
- filling it, often leads to much higher-quality results than
- rendering the text as a layer and transforming the pixel
- data.
- </p>
- </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="simplesect" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h4 class="title"><a id="id3423273"></a>Paths and SVG files</h4>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>
- SVG, standing for "Scalable Vector Graphics", is an increasingly
- popular file format for <span class="emphasis"><em>vector graphics</em></span>, in
- which graphical elements are represented in a
- resolution-independent format, in contrast to <span class="emphasis"><em>raster
- graphics</em></span>, in which graphical elements are represented
- as arrays of pixels. GIMP is mainly a raster graphics program,
- but paths are vector entities.
- </p>
- <p>
- Fortunately, paths are represented in SVG files in almost
- exactly the same way they are represented in GIMP. (Actually
- fortune has nothing to do with it: GIMP's path handling was
- rewritten for GIMP 2.0 with SVG paths in mind.) This
- compatibility makes it possible to store GIMP paths as SVG files
- without losing any information. You can access this capability
- in the Paths dialog.
- </p>
- <p>
- It also means that GIMP can create paths from SVG files saved in
- other programs, such as <span class="application">Inkscape</span> or
- <span class="application">Sodipodi</span>, two popular open-source
- vector graphics applications. This is nice because those
- programs have much more powerful path-manipulation tools than
- GIMP does. You can import a path from an SVG file using the
- Paths dialog.
- </p>
- <p>
- The SVG format handles many other graphical elements than just
- paths: among other things, it handles figures such as squares,
- rectangles, circles, ellipses, regular polygons, etc. GIMP 2.0
- cannot do anything with these entities, but GIMP 2.2 can load
- them as paths.
- </p>
- <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
- <table border="0" summary="Note">
- <tr>
- <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25">
- <img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png" />
- </td>
- <th align="left">Note</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">
- <p>
- Creating paths is not the only thing GIMP can do with SVG
- files. It can also open SVG files as GIMP images, in the usual
- way.
- </p>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </div>
- </div>
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